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Market Microstructure

Understanding Order Books

The order book is the heart of price discovery. It shows all pending buy and sell orders, revealing the supply and demand dynamics that drive market prices. Use this interactive tool to explore how liquidity, spreads, and order imbalances work in real markets.

E-mini S&P 500
Mid Price
5,950.19
Spread
0.500000(0.008%)
Imbalance
2.2% Bid
24h Volume
689,150
Bids (Buyers)1.5K total
5,949.94
1326 orders
5,949.69
7512 orders
5,949.44
11416 orders
5,949.19
11117 orders
5,948.94
13918 orders
5,948.69
967 orders
5,948.44
13322 orders
5,948.19
23522 orders
5,947.94
2939 orders
5,947.69
16121 orders
Asks (Sellers)1.4K total
14 orders155
5,950.44
22 orders67
5,950.69
14 orders104
5,950.94
15 orders121
5,951.19
7 orders128
5,951.44
9 orders88
5,951.69
9 orders176
5,951.94
7 orders256
5,952.19
19 orders205
5,952.44
5 orders125
5,952.69
Depth ChartCumulative volume at each price level
← Lower PricesMid: 5,950.19Higher Prices →

Understanding Order Books: The order book shows all pending buy (bid) and sell (ask) orders. The difference between the best bid and ask is the spread. Larger sizes at price levels indicate stronger support or resistance. Hover over any row to see the number of individual orders at that level.

What is Market Depth?

Market depth shows the volume of orders at each price level. Deep markets have substantial volume across many levels, allowing large orders to execute with minimal price impact. Thin markets move more easily on smaller orders.

Reading the Spread

The bid-ask spread is the cost of immediacy. Tighter spreads indicate more competitive markets with active market makers. Wider spreads often appear during volatility or in less liquid instruments.

Order Imbalance

When bid volume significantly exceeds ask volume (or vice versa), it suggests directional pressure. However, visible orders are only part of the picture— hidden orders and algorithmic traders also influence price.

Support & Resistance

Large order clusters at specific price levels can act as support (bids) or resistance (asks). These levels often attract attention and can become self-fulfilling as traders anticipate reactions at those prices.

Futures Markets

Prices update every 5 seconds. Click any symbol to view its order book.